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Yoshizawa Ayame I
Yoshizawa Ayame I (初代 吉沢 菖蒲)(1673-15 July 1729) was an early Kabuki actor, and the most celebrated ''onnagata'' (specialist in female roles) of his time. His thoughts on acting, and on ''onnagata'' acting in particular, are recorded in ''Ayamegusa'' (菖蒲草, "The Words of Ayame"), one section of the famous treatise on Kabuki acting, ''Yakusha Rongo'' (役者論語, "The Actors' Analects").
A.C. Scott wrote that "Yoshizawa Ayame I was regarded as the greatest onnagata or female impersonator of his time and was an artist of ability, who developed the unique technique which was to be a model for the actors of the future. His ideas and secrets were written down in a book called 'Ayamegusa', which was afterwards regarded as the Bible of the female impersonator."〔Scott, A.C. (1955) The Kabuki Theatre of Japan George Allen & Unwin Ltd.〕
Ayame is famous for advocating that ''onnagata'' behave as women in all their interactions, both onstage and off. In ''Ayamegusa'', he is quoted as saying that "if (actor ) does not live his normal life as if he was a woman, it will not be possible for him to be called a skillful ''onnagata''.〔Dunn, p53.〕" Following his own advice, Ayame cultivated his femininity throughout his offstage life, and was often treated as a woman by his fellow actors. His mentor, Arashi San'emon, and others are said to have praised him on many occasions for his devotion to his art.
==Names==
Though most commonly known as Ayame, Yoshizawa took on the stage names of Yoshizawa Kikunojō during a brief stint performing in Edo, and Yoshizawa Gonshichi when performing as a ''tachiyaku'' (in male roles). He also used the name "Gonshichi" as a nickname (替名, ''kaena'') used when patronizing a brothel or restaurant. His ''haimyō'' (俳名, poetry name) was Shunsui, and his guild name (家名, ''kamei'') Tachibanaya, after his mentor Tachibana Gorozaemon.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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